EFFECTIVENESS OF DIFFERENT EXTRACTED CHITOSAN AS NATURAL COAGULANT FOR AQUACULTURE WASTEWATER

Fachrul Wahab¹, Che Engku Noramalina Che Engku Chik¹, Iber Benedict Terkula¹, Siti Aslamyah², Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah³, and Nor Azman Kasan¹*

¹Higher Insitution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.

²Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Hasanuddin University, KM 10 Tamalanrea, Makassar, Indonesia.

³Departement of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia

 *Corresponding author: norazman@umt.edu.my

Along with the increase in crab production, it will also have an impact on increasing the amount of waste produced, therefore waste must be utilized optimally to reduce environmental pollution. There are various approaches of crab waste processing, one of which is by converting crab waste into chitosan. Chitosan or chemically known as poly-(2-amino-2-deoksi-β- (1-4)-D-glukopiranosa) compound with molecular formula (C6H11NO4)n, in the field of fisheries chitosan can be used as a coagulant that can improve water quality, effectively reduce water turbidity, non-toxic, and biodegradable. Therefore, this study was conducted to extract chitosan from various sources of crab shells, and their ability to be used as a natural coagulant for aquaculture wastewater. In this study, the processing of three different types of crab shells, namely marine crab (Portunus pelagicus), mangrove crab (Scylla sp.), and freshwater crab (Gecarcinucoidea sp.) yielded chitosan, which went through three stages, deproteination using 1 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH), demineralization using 2 M hydrochloric acid (HCL), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with a concentration of 50%. Each extracted chitosan was then the proximate analysist and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to determine the formation and quality of chitosan. Extracted chitosan was further tested as biocoagulant for aquaculture wastewater on a laboratory scale using Jar Test approach. The results showed that the degree of deacetylation (DDA) of Scylla sp., P. pelagicus, and Gecarcinucoidea sp. were 38.00%, 50.38%, and 45.11%, respectively. In testing coagulants using natural coagulants from chitosan and synthetic coagulants poly aluminium chloride (PAC), through the jar test method, the results of the decrease in turbidity, BOD and COD are the most influential are PAC which is commonly used as a synthetic coagulant, then P. pelagicus which is close to the value of PAC. From the results of the proximate test, FTIR, and Jar Test, it can be concluded that P. pelagicus has more potential to be processed into chitosan compared to Gecarcinucoidea sp. and Scylla sp.

Keywords : Crab shells, extraction, chitosan, coagulation, flocculation.

MICROBUBBLE AERATION INCREASED DISSOLVED OXYGEN AND FISH CULTURE PERFORMANCE OF RED TILAPIA (Oreochromis sp.) IN A RECIRCULATING AQUACULTURE SYSTEM (RAS)

Rustadi RUSTADI ^1*, Eny HERIYATI ², Alim ISNANSETYO ¹, Bambang TRIYATMO ¹, and Indah ISTIQOMAH ¹

¹Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Flora st. Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

²Marine Science Program study, Kutai Timur Agricultural College School, Indonesia.

^*Corresponding author: rustadi@ugm.ac.id  

Microbubble aeration has been recognized as a tool to improve dissolved oxygen and fish culture performance in limited water aquaculture. This research aims to investigate the effect of microbubble aeration on increasing dissolved oxygen and fish culture performance of red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.). The study used three treatments of aerations namely microbubble, blower, and without aeration with three replicates each. Red tilapia weighing 115.27±3.93 g were stocked in a plastic tank of 800 L water volume at density 50 individual/tank and cultured for 50 days in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). Dissolved oxygen and fish culture performance were evaluated. Dissolved oxygen was monitored daily. Statistical analysis was subjected to water quality and fish culture performance. The microbubble aeration was able to stabilize DO level on 4.28 mg/L until the end of the experiment and suppressed the free CO₂ and ammonia content. Fish biomass was higher in microbubble treatment, with high survival and growth rate, and a lower FCR value, those indicating good culture performance.

Keywords: Aeration, growth, survival, water quality

POTENTIAL OF SIZE EXCLUSION FOR WATER QUALITY CONTROL SYSTEM IN AQUACULTURE FARMING SYSTEM

Diyana Kamarudin¹, N.I. Yatim², N. Ali^1,2*, S.C. Zainathan³, S.N.K. Addis⁴,

¹Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

²Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

³Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

⁴Faculty of Science & Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Malaysia

*Corresponding Author: noraaini@umt.edu.my  

The aquaculture farming industry globally faces numerous challenge, such as low water quality, and viral, bacterial and fungal infection. In this context, an effective water recirculating system is vital to ensure the circulated water is in a good water quality, free of bacteria, parasites and viruses. Therefore this current study intended to access the optimum operating condition for filtration of the virus, PEG solution was used as the replacement of the actual virus and various transmembrane pressures and cross-flow velocity were applied. The permeate generated was analysed for pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and dissolved oxygen (DO) to assess the water quality. The results indicated that the filtration procedure greatly improved the water quality by increasing the DO about 40.5%, and reduced the turbidity about 97.9%. A possible size exclusion filtration system to mitigate biofouling in aquaculture farming industry will evolve into a sustainable and green system, reducing losses in production.

Keywords: Size exclusion, Water quality control system, Aquaculture, Farming

USING SEAWEED AS A BIOLOGICAL FILTER TO REDUCE POLLUTION OF WASTEWATER SOURCED FROM TROPICAL INTENSIVE SHRIMP FARMS

Hang T. T. Nguyen ^*1, Thanh D. Nguyen^1,2, Minh T. Nguyen¹, Tuan A. Nguyen^1,2

¹ Faculty of Fisheries, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Vietnam

² Centre for application research and new technology transfer, Faculty of Fisheries, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Vietnam

Correspondence author: ntthang.dhnl@hueuni.edu.vn

Intensive shrimp farming has been expanded rapidly and this aquaculture system has significant contribution to the economy of many countries. However, the rapid expansion of shrimp aquaculture has led to environmental issues such as a high risk of eutrophication from nutrient enrichment due to shrimp farm effluents. The use of seaweed to improve wastewater quality has been researched in previous studies. This technique has not been well investigated in Vietnam although shrimp aquaculture is a major economic industry. This research aims to assess the biofiltration capacity of Gracilaria sp. (Rhodophyta) to reduce nutrients from shrimp farming effluents. Gracilaria sp. was cultivated in plastic containers (20 L) with 5L of wastewater sourced from either intensive shrimp (Litopeaneus vannamei) farm or biofloc technology under photosynthetically saturating irradiance and control temperature of 26 ˚C. Time-course nutrient depletion experiments were conducted to determine the changes in the uptake of nutrients of these seaweeds over time. The growth of Gracilaria sp. in wastewater of shrimp farms was measured. Although the growth rate of seaweed is not fast as expected, the cultivation of Gracilaria sp. in wastewaters from shrimp farms can improve the quality of wastewater. This contributes to reducing the nutrient load of shrimp aquaculture wastewater discharged in coastal areas.

Keywords: Seaweed, Gracilaria, Wastewater, Nutrient, Shrimp farm

WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN VANNAMEI WHITE SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei) CULTIVATION, BOMO VILLAGE, ROGOJAMPI DISTRICT, BANYUWANGI, EAST JAVA PROVINCE

Aldhilla Juan Azzahra¹, Luthfiana Aprilianita Sari², Putri Desi Wulan Sari², Daruti Dinda Nindarwi², Sulastri Arsad³ and Nadirah Musa⁴

¹ Program Study of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Airlangga, Mulyorejo Street, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia.

² Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Airlangga, Mulyorejo Street, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia.

³ Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Veteran Street, Malang 65145, Indonesia.

⁴ Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agrotechnology and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.

*Corresponding: luthfianaas@fpk.unair.ac.id 

Vannamei white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) has been Indonesia's leading export for fishery commodities. Its demand in the market is relatively stable, making it suitable for cultivation. This study is carried out for 4 months starting from August 15, 2021 to December 15, 2021. The purpose of this study is to determine water quality management and the obstacles that arise in the cultivation of vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Enlargement technique of vannamei white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) includes pond preparation, fry stocking, feed management, probiotic application, water quality monitoring, harvesting and marketing. The results of the measured water quality parameters DO 3.7 – 10.4 ppm, temperature 28˚C - 31˚C, pH 7.7 – 9.2, salinity 25 – 30 ppt, brightness 20 – 40 cm, alkalinity 120 – 200 ppm, TOM 55.62 – 69.52, nitrite 0.5 – 1.25 ppm, nitrate 10 – 25 ppm, ammonium 0.4 – 2 ppm, phosphate 0.35 – 2 ppm, phytoplankton blue green algae genus Oscillatoria, Spirulina, Microcystis, Anabaena, phytoplankton green algae genus Oocystis, diatom phytoplankton genus Cyclotella, total bacteria (TPC) 1,3x – 38,4x cfu/ml, and total vibrios 0,09x – 1,74x cfu/ml. Problems that often arise in the cultivation of vannamei white shrimp, namely unstable water parameters can cause shrimp to be susceptible to disease and erratic weather.

Keywords: Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture, freshwater, Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture