EMPLOYING GROUNDED THEORY METHOD TO DISCOVER THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GOVERNANCE AND INCLUSIVENESS: AN EVIDENCE FROM VIETNAMESE SHRIMP SUPPLY CHAIN

Tran Thuy Chi^1*, Nguyen Thi Tram Anh¹, Nguyen Thi Kim Anh¹,

⁽¹ Economics Faculty, Nha Trang Univiersity, Vietnam

*Corresponding author: chitt@ntu.edu.vn

The research applied the grounded theory method and chose Vietnamses shrimp value chain as a case study and collected both primary and secondary data to explore the relationship between governance and inclusivenss. Primary data were collected from Oct 2015 to Dec 2016 in Khanh Hoa, Binh Dinh, Da Nang, Ca Mau, Soc Trang. The results showed that the plural governance structures of the chain with the engagement of the state,  private sector, non-governmental organizations present some dimensions of inclusivenses. Certification schemes and backward vertical integration is probaly to marginalize small-scale farmers and firms out the global supply chain.  Although the government of Vietnam have made many attempts to issue and implement inclusive policies and programmes, some of them are still inefficient. The potentials of  IBMs and beyond farm models should be taken into consideration to support more farmers to interagrate the chain.

Key words: Vietnam, shrimp supply chain, governance, inclusiveness

Governance for promoting sustainable aquaculture development: a case study of Vietnam’s pangasius industry

Nguyen Thi Kim Anh¹, Nguyen Thi Tram Anh¹,Tran Thuy Chi^1*

⁽¹ Economics Faculty, Nha Trang Univiersity, Vietnam

*Corresponding author: chitt@ntu.edu.vn

The study employed a qualitative framework to investigate the association between governance and sustainability in the case of Vietnam’s pangasius industry. Secondary data were collected from government agencies, business associations, NGOs, and related research. There are muli-stakeholders involving in governance for sustainablity of the industry, including: public sector, private sector and non-government organizations (NGOs). However, the study focused on the role of public governance for sustainability. Efficiency, accountability, transparency, equity and predictablity are  the basic princinples of good governance, which contribute to enhance sustainability of the industry. 

Key word: governance, sustainability, pangasius industry

INVESTIGATE FACTORS AFFECTING THE FERMENTATION PROCESS OF KOMBUCHA TEA FROM SEA GRAPES CAULERPA RACEMOSA

Minh-Hai T. Pham, Thanh-Hai T. Nguyen

Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Nha Trang University, No 2 Nguyen Dinh Chieu Street, Nha Trang City, Viet Nam

^*Corresponding author: haiptm@ntu.edu.vn 

Ceulerpa racemosa, commonly known as sea grapes, is widely grown in Khanh Hoa province and evaluated as a source of protein, soluble fiber, vitamins, reducing agents, and antioxidant compounds and waters. Kombucha tea, a fermented tea, is made by a group of bacteria and yeast known as Scoby. Many studies prove that Kombucha products as probiotic drinks contain antioxidants and polyphenols that have anti-diabetes and anti-aging properties. This research aims to determine essential factors affecting Kombucha tea production from sea grapes Caulerpa racemosa. This research investigates factors, including the rate of pressing grape seaweed juice and Kombucha original tea (25-45 % (v/v)), fermentation temperature (20 - 35^oC), and fermentation time (0 - 8 days) ). The results showed that with the 30 % (v/v) seaweed juice ratio, the fermentation temperature of 25^oC and the fermentation time of 4 days gave the product the best value for sensory evaluation. The resulting product has a pH of 3.8, a dry matter content 5.1Bx, an antioxidant content of 41.73 % DPPH radical inhibition, and a density of lactic acid bacteria at 2.8x10⁶ cfu/100ml. This recipe can be a reference for manufacturers to produce Kombucha from seaweed.

Keywords: Ceulerpa racemosa, sea grapes, Kombucha tea.

MODELLING CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITIES OF AQUACULTURE SUPPLY CHAIN APPLYING SYSTEM DYNAMICS: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Huynh Thi Ngoc Diep¹

¹Economics faculty, Nha Trang univeristy

^*Corresponding author: diephtn@ntu.edu.vn 

The complexity and interconnectivity of the supply chain make it more vulnerable to any disturbances. Climate change is one of the most outstanding issues facing today's economic system. Understanding possible results of climate change are fundamental to building supply chain resilience and planning an effective adaptation strategy. System dynamics is a potential method due to its ability to capture the complex relationship between the environment and the supply chain. Through literature review, this study aims to establish a framework for modelling climate change impacts using the system dynamics in the aquaculture sector. The results showed that climate change, including high temperature, sea level rise, rainfall patterns, and ocean acidification, significantly disrupts the aquaculture supply chain, especially in the production phase. The comprehensive variables and their relationship for building the causal loop diagram and the stock-flow diagram in the system dynamics model are suggested.

Keywords: Climate change, Aquaculture, Supply chain, Vulnerability, System dynamics

MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF KAPPAPHYCUS SPECIES COLLECTED IN ILOILO AND ROMBLON

John Rey T. Rasgo¹, Jonalyn P. Mateo^1,2*, Rema C. Sibonga^2,3, Victor Marco Emmanuel N. Feriols², Anicia Q. Hurtado², Maria Rovilla J. Luhan²

¹Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanology, University of the Philippines Visayas Miagao, Philippines 5023

²Institute of Aquaculture, University of the Philippines Visayas Miagao, Philippines 5023

³Center for Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, University of San Agustin, Iloilo City, 5000, Philippines

*Corresponding author: jpmateo@up.edu.ph

For more than 50 years, Kappaphycus, specifically K. alvarezii and K. striatus, have been cultured in the Philippines. Both species showed different varieties and color morphotypes which led to confusion, difficulties in species identification and eventually resulted to misidentification owing to its morphologically diverse nature, lack of clear diagnostic on morphological characteristics and inconsistent use of local and commercial names. The use of molecular markers has been proven to be effective in delineating Kappaphycus species from each other. In this study, cultivated seaweeds from Iloilo and Romblon were collected, morphologically described and analyzed for molecular identifiction. Genomic DNA was extracted using a modified CTAB protocol and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using COI-5P and cox 2-3 spacer as molecular markers. The PCR products were purified and sent to Philippine Genome Center Visayas for sequencing. Based on external morphology, specimen from Iloilo and Romblon were initially identified as K. alvarezii (tambalang variety) and K. striatus (kulot variety), respectively. The species-level affiliation of the generated sequences was initially determined using BLAST analysis and confirmed by phylogenetic analysis. Both Iloilo and Romblon specimens were K. alvaezii based on BLAST results. The maximum likelihood tree revealed that the two specimens are of the same clade with other K. alvarezii specimens. In summary, kulot and tambalang, though morphologically different are both K. alvarezii. Thus, molecular technique is an important tool in proper identification of the cultivated seaweed.

Keywords: Color morphotypes, Kappaphcyus, Phylogenetic analysis