PROXIMATE AND METAL IN EDIBLE BIVALVES FROM SETIU WETLANDS, TERENGGANU, MALAYSIA: THEIR BENEFICIAL AND RISK ASSESSMENT

Ummi Nazatun Amira Saiful Anuar¹*, Roslizawati Ab Lah¹, Sharifah Noor Emilia Syed Faadak¹, Noordiyana Mat Noordin¹

¹ Faculty of fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: amiras95@gmail.com

Bivalves are considered as a good source of high-quality protein and contains essential minerals. However, as a filter feeder, bivalves are often contaminated by toxic concentrations that have a potential adverse effect to human health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the meat quality, nutritional value and the potential human risk assessment associated to the consumption of four bivalve’s species (Anadara cornea, Geloina expansa, Meretrix meretrix and Magallana bilineata) collected from one of the largest wetlands in Terengganu, Malaysia known as Setiu Wetlands. Average value of meat edibility and condition index were found in all species of bivalves. High protein contents with low levels of lipid were revealed in the Anadara cornea (protein; 54.40±2.79%, lipid; 3.66±1.12%) Geloina expansa (protein; 50.24±3.49%, lipid; 11.41±3.88%), Meretrix meretrix (protein; 53.43±2.16%, lipid; 6.60±3.21%) and Magallana bilineata (protein; 53.43±7.14%, lipid; 8.26±2.46%). Estimated daily intake and hazard index for metals consumption based on average body weight for Malaysians was 62.65kg/person were calculated for all available bivalves. Hazard index for metals were found less than 1 for all species which make these four bivalves’ suitable source for human consumption and this could be attractive to consumers who are interested in potential healthy alternatives.

Keywords: Proximate, Meat edibility, Heavy metals, Risk assessment, Bivalve

QUALITY ASSURANCE IN THE FROZEN YELLOW TUNA FIN PRODUCTION PROCESS AT PT TRIDAYA ERAMINA BAHARI IN NORTH JAKARTA

Maxmiliana Graciela Mariskania Kraeng*, Fadhila Rahmansyah Putra, Farid Rizki Amiru, Muhamad Amin S.Pi., M.Sc., Ph.D.,

Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia

*Corresponding author: sheilagraciela.10@gmail.com 

Food safety is such a prominent thing in the food processing industry. Intensive controls during processing, storage, and distribution are mandatory and must be done by industry workers. Specifically, fisheries products need high-quality proper handling since they are perishable food. Frozen fish is one of the processes used by industry to preserve raw materials by freezing the raw material at a cold temperature. The concept of HACCP and good implementation of hygiene sanitation can guarantee food safety, customer confidence, and enhance the exploration of food safety systems. These field work practices were carried out at PT Tridaya Eramina Bahari located in Penjaringan, North Jakarta on January 17^th- February 18th, 2022. The data collection method used in this article is the descriptive method. The frozen handling technique that was done in this fieldwork practice was using ABF at -40^oC for 3 hours. The implementation of sanitation and hygiene was strictly done by the workers throughout the process. The implementation of HACCP concludes with the maximum content of histamine in raw material (50 ppm), histamine allergen information on the product label, and metal fragment checking with the maximum Fe >3.0 mm, Sus >3.5 mm, and Non Fe >3.5 mm.

Keywords : Quality Assurance, Sanitation, Hygiene, HACCP, Frozen Tuna

SEASONAL AND LOCATIONAL VARIATIONS IN DIFFERENT LIPID CLASSES OF PACIFIC OYSTER (CRASSOSTREA GIGAS) CULTURED IN KHANH HOA COAST

Kakooza Derrick¹, Anh Phuong Thi Tran¹, Vy Thao Thi Tran¹, Minh Van Nguyen^1*

¹Faculty of Food Technology, Nha Trang University, No 2 Nguyen Dinh Chieu Street, Nha Trang City, Vietnam

^*Corresponding author: minhnv@ntu.edu.vn   

The lipid profile of Crassostrea gigas cultured in Thuy Trieu lagoon - Cam Lam, Nha Phu lagoon - Ninh Hoa and Mon lagoon - Van Ninh was evaluated based on seasonal changes in total lipid and lipid categories, phospholipid (PL) content, free fatty acid (FFA) content, fatty acid (FA) composition, thrombogenicity index (TI), and antioxidant activity of the neutral and polar lipid fraction. The results indicated that the total lipid recovered in oysters from Ninh Hoa was higher compared to that from Cam Lam and Van Ninh with lower levels of FFAs, TI, and n-6/n-3 ratio. In all the three farming areas, total lipid was the lowest during the two spawning seasons (May and September). There was little variation in the phospholipid content from the three regions throughout the farming season. Lipids from Crassostrea gigas were separated into neutral and polar lipid fractions using column chromatography (CC) coupled with thin layer chromatography (TLC). Neutral lipids recovered from the oyster muscle were significantly higher than the polar lipids (p<0.05). The FA composition showed that Crassostrea gigas was abundant in saturated fatty acid (SFA 30.89%-39.16% of total lipids), followed by polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA, 28.13%-35.88% of total lipids), and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA, 19.32%-23.75% of total lipids). The dominant PUFA from the three farming areas were eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA 9.09%-13.77% of total lipids) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA 6.71%-16.47% of total lipids). Both neutral and polar lipid fractions exhibited DPPH radical scavenging abilities with polar lipids having lower IC50 values (0.13-0.95 g/L) than neutral lipids (0.19-7.70 g/L).

Keywords: Pacific oyster, Lipids, Antioxidant activity, Column chromatography, Thin layer chromatography

SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF SMALL-SCALE FISHERMEN AND THEIR LIVELIHOOD ECONOMY IN MARANG, TERENGGANU, MALAYSIA

Alfian Zein, Miza Nursyazwin binti Shuamai

University Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia

^*Corresponding author: alfian.z@umt.edu.my

Marang is a location with a certain coastal area where most of the population works as fishermen. Small-scale fishermen are the dominant community group in Marang, where their main economic activity is fishing in the sea. Their economic status is still dominant at the B40 level. The purpose of this study was to determine the socio-economic status of fishermen and to analyze the economic livelihoods of fishermen in Marang, Terengganu, Malaysia. Approximately 70 fishermen households have been selected and interviewed using the Slovin formula. Data was analyzed using descriptive and qualitative analysis.  The results showed that the socio-economic status of fishermen in Marang was in a low condition, which was indicated by various indicators such as; low level of education and skills, use of simple fishing gear. So that fish production is also relatively low and has implications for low income levels (about 54% of fishermen earn between RM 1400-2100 or US$ 310 - US$ 466 per month).  By using the concept of a Polygon Asset diagram to analyze the economic livelihood of fishermen, which is represented by five indicators. It was found that natural capital (44.5%) and financial capital (53.9%) showed the lowest assets in Marang. Meanwhile, physical capital shows the strongest asset (70%). In order to improve the economy of the fishing community in this area, the maintenance of natural resources through sustainable fishery resources and financial support to increase fishery assets for fishermen is very necessary.

Keywords; small-scale fisheries, fishermen income, livelihood economy

THE EFFECT OF COMBINATION OF CINNAMON AND MUCILAGO AMILI ON THE SENSORIC PROPERTIES OF GRANULE Arthrospira platensis

Maria D. Candraningsih¹, Aida W. Elmaghriba¹, Nurfitri Ekantari^1*

¹Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

^*Corresponding author: nurfitri@ugm.ac.id 

 Arthrospira platensis is regarded as a super food since it has the potential to be added to food items due to its high protein, vitamin, and mineral content as well as its abundance in antioxidants. However, the addition of Arthrospira platensis can cause the fishy aroma and taste of the product. The production of  granules is anticipated to result in Arthrospira platensis preparations that can still keep their nutritional value while being added to food products without imparting an off-flavor. This study was conduct to examine the sensory features of Arthrospira platensis granules with cinnamon as a masking agent and amile mucilago as a binder by the wet granulation method. A full random design (RAL) 3x3 with two factors, cinnamon concentration (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%) and amile mucilago concentration (2.5%, 5%, 7.5%) was utilized. The findings of the hedonic test reveal that the addition of cinnamon alters the aroma and taste of the granules, whilst the amile mucilago alters the granular texture (p<0.05). According to the results of the Temporary Dominance Sensation (TDS) and Quantitative Description Analysis (QDA) tests, the combination of 1% cinnamon and 5% amile mucilage can boost the strength of the cinnamon when placed in the oral cavity while masking the fishy odor of Arthrospira. Consumer preference and intention in buying granules are higher than Arthrospira platensis dry biomass. Our results suggest that granules of Arthospira platensis are typically added to baked goods.

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Keywords: Granules, Wet granulation, Arthrospira platensis, Masking agent, Temporal Dominance of Sensation, Cinnamon

THE EFFECT OF PHOTOOXIDATION DURING STORAGE ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF FLAKES FORTIFIED WITH Arthrospira platensis CAROTENOID NANOCAPSULES

Bagas Christiano Panjaitan and Siti Ari Budhiyanti*

Department of Fisheries, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

*Corresponding author : sitabudhiyanti@ugm.ac.id

Flakes are ready-to-eat cereal foods, which are practical ready-to-eat foods. Flakes are dry food products that can deteriorate due to photooxidation, which is an oxidation process that is influenced by light. This study aims to determine the effect of photooxidation during storage on the characteristics of flakes fortified with Arthrospira platensis carotenoid nanocapsules. The research started with the making of control flakes, flakes fortified with 0.24% carotenoid nanocapsules of A. platensis and flakes fortified with commercial A. platensis powder. Then the flakes were stored under 2000 lux light for 4 weeks, under dark (with aluminum foil) and light storage conditions. The parameters observed included total carotenoid, antioxidant activity, moisture content, peroxide value, anisidine value, total oxidation, and colour from week 0 to week 4. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and further tested with Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results showed that exposure to light gave a significant change in the quality of flakes. Flakes fortified with A. platensis carotenoid nanocapsules with dark storage gave the best results, because they had the lowest total oxidation value of 31.59±0.41 mEq/kg, the highest total carotenoids of 8.17±0.04 g/mg db, and the highest antioxidant activity of 20.95±0.18% inhibition during 4 weeks of storage.

Keywords : flakes, Arthrospira platensis carotenoid nanocapsules, photooxidation, fortification