PROMOTION EFFECTS OF Sargassum binderi EXTRACT ON SHOOT GROWTH OF CHRYSANTHEMUM (Chrysanthemum sp.) IN VITRO

Kieu T.B Nguyen¹, Pham-Thi Minh-Thu^1,*

¹ Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Nha Trang university, Vietnam

*Corresponding author: thuptm@ntu.edu.vn 

Sargassium binderi extract (SE) contains significant amount of organic macro- and micro-nutrients, and vitamins. Thus, it can be a substitution of inorganic compound in plant tissue culture medium. Shoots of “Mai vang” chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum sp.) are usually sub-cultured on ½MS which reduces macronutrient in basal MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) by half. In this report, macro, micro-nutrients or vitamin of ½MS were further reduced by half and coded as ¼MS_Ma, ¼MS_Mi or ¼MS_Vit; respectively. The SE was added into the medium with concentration from 0.1‰ to 20‰ to test whether it could overcome the reduction of nutrients. The results showed improvement on shoot height of chrysanthemum on medium added with SE. Supplementation of 0.1‰ extract to ¼MS_Ma significantly enhanced elongation of shoots which were 116%, 138%, 164% compared to ½MS-control for apical, 2nd and last axillary shoot; respectively. ¼MS_Mi didn’t improve apical shoot development at any application of SE while needed 1‰ or 5‰ SE for best development of 2nd or last axillary shoot. On the other hand, ¼MS_Vit gave highest apical shoot on medium added 0.1‰ and highest axillary shoots on medium added 5‰ extract; respectively. Thus, SE could promote in vitro chrysanthemum shoot growth and partly substitute for inorganic salts in plant tissue culture.

Keywords: Chrysanthemum, extract, plant tissue culture, Sargassum binderi, shoot.

THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT ADDITIONS CARBON DIOXIDE (CO₂) ON GROWTH, LIPIDS, CAROTENOIDS AND CHLOROPHIL-A CHAETOCEROS CALCITRANS

Esza Rezky Amaliandini¹, Syarif Nashrullah¹, Anastasya Dewi Larasati¹, Fajar Taufan Firmansyah¹, Luthfiana Aprilianita Sari², Nina Nurmalia Dewi², and Sulastri Arsad³

¹ Program Study of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Airlangga, Mulyorejo Street, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia.

² Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Airlangga, Mulyorejo Street, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia.

³ Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Veteran Street, Malang 65145, Indonesia.

*E-mail: luthfianaas@fpk.unair.ac.id 

Global warming makes phytoplankton have a significant role in reducing carbon. C. calcitras is a phytoplankton which utilizes carbon dioxide for growth and the formation of secondary metabolites in order to survive. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of differences in duration on growth, lipid content, carotenoids and chlorophyll-a in C. calcitrans and to determine the optimal duration. An experimental method with statistical analysis using ANOVA was used in this study. The treatments given were the addition of carbon dioxide for A (0 minutes), B (2 minutes), C (4 minutes), D (6 minutes), E (8 minutes), F (10 minutes), G (12 minutes), and H (14 minutes) with a volume of carbon dioxide addition of 3 bps. The results showed that the addition of carbon dioxide had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the value of lipids, growth, carotenoids and chlorophyll a. The highest density value was obtained in Treatment B (2 minutes) to increase growth with the highest total value of 2,927,500 cells/ml. The best treatment to increase lipids was Treatment G (12 minutes) with lipid content of 63.33% and lipid productivity of 1.82 mg/l/day. The best treatment to increase carotenoid content was Treatment C (4 minutes) with carotenoid content of 2.20 g/mL and the best treatment to increase chlorophyll-a content was Treatment C (4 minutes) with chlorophyll-a content of 1.4431 g/mL.

Keywords: Resilient Agriculture, Marine Organisms, Environmental Change, Plankton, Microalga, Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture

SARDINIELLA FIMBRATA BONES AS PROMISING SUNSCREEN AGENTS

 Z. H. Rozaini ^1,2, H. Hamzah ¹, M.S. Azhar^1* 

¹Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

²Institute of Biotechnology Marine, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

^*Corresponding author: zulhelmi@umt.edu.my

Fish processing industry has led to large amounts of waste every year around the world. However, waste from the fish bone contains valuable compound such as hydroxyapatite (HAp). Fish bones are natural resources and have an attractive added value which contains HAp that can potentially be used as hybrid UV-Filters. Therefore, Sardiniella fimbrata bones have been discovered and HAp were synthesized to be applied in cosmeceuticals applications. The properties of HAp from Sardiniella fimbrata bones have been characterized with Fourier Transform Infrared Ray (FTIR) and Cytotoxicity test. The emulsions have been formulated and tested under Ultraviolet Visible (UV-Vis) Spectroscopy. Results had indicated that fish bones doped with FeCl₂ shows higher tendency as sunscreen compared to MnCl₂ and unmodified bones. Thus, the utilization of waste from fish bones will not only adding value to the by- products, but also help in reducing pollution to the environment and preventing from global warming. Hence, formulation on emulsion synthesized from fish bone is designed as a new hybrid innovation in cosmeceuticals products and boost up the efficiency of skin prevention from UV radiation

Keywords: Sardiniella fimbrata, Bones, Hydroxyapatite, Sunscreen agents, Biomaterials

CHARACTERIZATION OF GELATIN FROM TILAPIA SCALES

Mala Nurilmala^1,*2, Andiksy Risya¹, Roni Nugraha¹, Yoshihiro Ochiai³

¹Aquatic Product Technology Department, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

²Halal Science Center, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

³Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

^*Corresponding author: mnurilmala@apps.ipb.ac.id 

Tilapia scales contain a large amount of collagen, thus can be an alternative for gelatin sources. The purposes of this research were to determine the best concentration of HCl (0.05 M, 0.1 M and 0.15 M) in the process of the pre-treatment, as well as to reveal the characteristics of the gelatin preparation. The experimental designs used were Completely Randomized Design and Duncan's further test. The results showed the properties of tilapia scale gelatin fish were in accordance with the standards (GMIA 2019 and SNI 8622-2018 standards). The best result was obtained by the pre-treatment concentration with 0.1 M HCl. This treatment resulted in a yield of 13.44±0,78%; moisture content of 10.48±0.25%; ash content of 0.696±0.005%; pH of 6.99±0.07; gel strength of 208.82 ± 2.7 bloom; viscosity of 67.67±1.53 mps; and setting point of 18.08±0.38^oC. The tilapia scale gelatin gave the functional groups such as amide A, I, II and III. SDS-PAGE gave the β, α₁ and α₂ chains. The major amino acids were glycine (28.93±0.085%), proline (12.29±0.025%) and hydroxyproline (3.86±000%).

Keywords: gelatin, HCl pre-treatment, scale, tilapia, characterization

ULTRASOUND ASSISTED TREATMENT IMPROVES THE PRESERVATION PERFORMANCE OF CHITOSAN-GRAFT-CHLOROGENIC ACID ON REFRIGERATED SEA BASS (LATEOLABRAX JAPONICUS) FILLETS

Xin YANG^a, Weiqing LAN^a,b,c,+,*, Jing XIE^a,b,c,*

^aCollege of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China ^bShanghai Aquatic Products Processing and Storage Engineering Technology Research Center, Shanghai, China

^cNational Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China

* Corresponding to: Weiqing LAN and Jing XIE, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.

E-mail: wqlan@shou.edu.cn(W.Q. Lan); jxie@shou.edu.cn (J.Xie)

⁺Weiqing LAN contributed equally as the first author.

Ultrasound can increase the mass transfer between preservatives and food, and enhance the effect of preservatives on food. Chitosan-grafted-chlorogenic acid (CS-g-CA) is a new synthetic compound with good antiseptic properties. Therefore, this study evaluated the preservation performance of ultrasound-assisted CS-g-CA (GUA) coatings on refrigerated sea bass fillets in terms of changes in microorganisms, lipids, proteins, tissue structures, and moisture. The results showed that GUA treatment effectively inhibited the growth of microorganisms in sea bass fillets.  Meanwhile, the changes of total volatile basal nitrogen (TVB-N), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBA) and pH values were all slowed down under GUA treatment, indicating that protein degradation and lipid oxidation in sea bass were inhibited. LF-NMR and MRI results indicated that the GUA retarded the conversion of mobile water to free water. In addition, GUA treatment maintained the flavor quality of fish fillets, inhibited the reduction of Inosine monophosphate (IMP) and the production of bitter substances (Inosine (HxR) and hypoxant hine (Hx)), suppressed muscle tissue degeneration, and maintained better sensory scores. Overall, GUA treatment can extend the shelf-life of sea bass fillets for another 9 days, indicating that ultrasound assistance further enhanced the effect of preservatives on aquatic products.

Key words: chitosan-graft-chlorogenic acid, ultrasound, quality, preservation, sea bass

ULTRASOUND-ASSISTED CHITOSAN-GRAFTED-CAFFEIC ACID IMPROVES THE MYOFIBRILLAR PROTEIN CHARACTERISTICS OF POMPANO (TRACHINOTUS OVATUS) DURING ICE STORAGE

Jiaxin Zhao¹, Weiqing Lan^1,3,4,*, Shucheng Liu², Yuqing Sun¹, Xiaohong Sun^1,3,4,*

¹College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China

²College of Food Science & Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China

³Shanghai Aquatic Products Processing and Storage Engineering Technology Research Center, Shanghai, China

⁴National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai, China

* Corresponding authors: wqlan@shou.edu.cn (Weiqing Lan), xhsun@shou.edu.cn (Xiaohong Sun) 

Fish spoilage is associated closely with the oxidation and degradation of myofibrillar protein (MP). In this study, the effects of ultrasound (US)-assisted chitosan-grafted-caffeic acid (CS-g-CA) on the MP structure of pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) was investigated. Fresh fish slices were treated with US (20 kHz, 600W), CS-g-CA (G), US combined with CS-g-CA (USG) for 10 min respectively. Samples soaked in sterile water for 10 min were served as control (CK). Then, all samples were stored in ice at 4°C. The degree of protein oxidation and degradation as well as sensory properties of pompano were evaluated at 4-day intervals. The results showed that US slightly accelerated the fragmentation of myofibrils, as confirmed by the increased myofibril fragmentation index (MFI). Nevertheless, results taken from surface hydrophobicity and total sulfhydryl content revealed that the use of US could reinforce the antioxidant capacity of CS-g-CA. Regarding MP degradation, USG treatment maintained the secondary and tertiary structure of MP by preventing the transformation from α-helix to disordered structure and reducing the exposure of tryptophan residues. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis results also demonstrated the effectiveness of USG treatment in inhibiting protein degradation. The scanning electron microscope results further clarified that the USG preserved the myofibril microstructure by maintaining the compact arrangement of muscle fibers. Additionally, USG treatment could improve the sensory properties of pompano. Overall, the synergistic effects of US and CS-g-CA can effectively delay the protein oxidation and degradation. The information provided by this study should be of interest to the quality maintenance of marine fish.

Key words: Ultrasound, Chitosan, Caffeic acid, Myofibrillar protein, Ice storage