DICERATOCEPHALIDAE INFESTATION ON CHERAX QUADRICARINATUS FROM A COMMERCIAL FARM IN SOUTHERN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA
 

Norhan N. Azri-Shah1, Marina Hassan1,3,*, Mohd Ihwan Zakariah1, Nor Asma Husna Yusoff1, Farizan Abdullah1, Wahidah Wahab1, Ahmad Najmi Ishak1, Norainy Mohd Husin1,3 and John Brian Jones2

1Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia 2Murdoch University, Western Australia 6150, Australia

3STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China

*Corresponding author: marina@umt.edu.my

The family Diceratocephalidae (Joffe, Cannon and Schockaert, 1998) was first documented as leeches, monogenean and later on as temnocephalan. The Diceratocephalidae is a flatworm that attached externally onto a freshwater host. Diceratocephalidae infestation are well established in Australia, South Africa and Thailand but none Malaysia. The aim of this paper was to determine and investigate the Diceratocephalidae species and its infestation indices. Species identification was carried out using morphological characteristic and molecular analysis. Detailed Diceratocephalidae morphology were studied using light microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The DNA sequences from Diceratocephalidae were amplified using 18S rDNA sequence. Based on the Diceratocephalidae morphology, two species were identified as Diceratocephala boschmai and Decadidymus sp. and genetically confirmed with Genbank sequences with highly related to Diceratocephalidae from Australia and Thailand. The description in this study included two temnocephalid life stages; adult and egg form. From 32 host, 100% was infested with 586 Diceratocephala boschmai and 59.38% was infested with 71 Decadidymus. Both Diceratocephalidae species exhibited a greater affinity for attachment onto external parts of C. quadricarinatus with Decadidymus is only presence in the gill chambers.

Keyword: Temnocephalid, Diceratocephalidae, Cherax quadricarinatus. Morphology, 18S rDNA

THE EFFECT OF ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES WITH DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS ON THE VALUES OF DENSITY, MOTILITY AND VIABILITY OF SILVER RASBORA (RASBORA ARGYROTAENIA) SPERM

Santika Dwi Christanti¹, Ahmad Shofy Mubarak², Lailatul Lutfiyah^2*

¹Program study of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, PSDKU Universitas Airlangga in Banyuwangi.

²Department of Marine, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C Jalan Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Jawa Timur 60115 Indonesia.

Corresponding Author* : lailatullutfiyah@fpk.unair.ac.id

The usage of high organophosphate pesticides causes sub-lethal effects on fisheries espesially silver rasbora, inhibiting the release of hormones which can affect the quality of spermatozoa of silver rasbora. This study aims to determine the effect of different concentrations of organophosphates on density, motility and viability of the sperm of male silver rasbora. This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Organophosphate concentrations used were 0 ppm, 0,001 ppm, 0,005 ppm, 0.01 ppm and 0,05 ppm. The results showed that the media of silver rasbora culture with different organophosphate concentrations affected the value of density, motility and viability of spermatozoa of silver rasbora. Increasing the concentration of organophosphate can reduce the value of density, motility and viability of spermatozoa of silver rasbora.

Keywords: Pesticides, silver rasbora, sperm,water, fisheries

INCREASEDNON-SPECIFIC IMMUNE RESPONSE OF WHITE SHRIMP (LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI) AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF CAULERPA RACEMOSA EXTRACT AND VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS INFECTION

Woro Hastuti Satyantini¹*, Zulfina Ausia², Gunanti Mahasri¹, Akhmad Taufiq Mukti¹,  Alim Isnansetyo³, Rozi¹, Alvira Febrianti Pratiwi²

¹ Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia

² Aquaculture study program, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia

³ Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

*Email: woro_hs@fpk.unair.ac.id

This study aims to determine the increase in the non-specific immune response of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) after administration of Caulerpa racemosa extract and Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection.  White shrimp were divided into five groups: shrimp not given C. racemosa extract and injected with PBS (K-), shrimp without C. racemose extract and infected with V. parahaemolyticus (K+), the other three groups were given 3, 6, and  9 µg/g body weight C. racemosa extract by injection and infected with V. parahaemolyticus, respectively. One day after administration of C. racemosa extract, shrimp were infected with V. parahaemolyticus at a density of 10⁶ CFU/ml as much as 0.1 ml per head. The results showed that the administration of C. racemosa extract (P1, P2, P3) gave an increase in THC, hyaline, phagocytic activity and phenoloxidase (PO) higher than the positive control (K+) and significantly different (p<0.05). Seven days post-infection showed that the administration of C. racemosa extract 6 µg/g gave the highest yield of THC, hyaline, phagocytic activity and phenoloxidase of 6.61 x 10⁶ cells/ml, 55.33%, 59.0% and 0.783, respectively, but not significantly different (p>0.05) with the administration of 9 µg /g C. racemosa extract. It can be concluded that the administration of C. racemose extract at a dose of 6 – 9 µg /g can be given to white shrimp to increase the immune response.

Keywords: Caulerpa racemosa, Litopenaeus vannamei, immune response, extract, Vibrio parahaemolyticus

CORRELATION BETWEEN STOCK DENSITY WITH GLUCOSE AND CORTISOL IN CANTANG GROUPER (EPINEPHELUS FUSCOGUTTATUS X EPINEPHELUS LANCEOLATUS) MAINTAINED IN PONDS AS A STRESS INDICATOR

Alfian Rahmadhani Satria Hani Saputra¹, Laksmi Sulmartiwi², and Sapto Andriyono²

¹Study Program of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, 60115

² Department of Marine, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, 60115

*E-mail: laksmi-s@fpk.unair.ac.id

The success of the cultivation of Cantang Grouper can be influenced by internal and external factors. Cultivation has a high stocking density will cause stress to the fish. Under stress conditions, fish go through the primary and secondary responses. Increased stocking density of aquaculture can affect metabolic processes, and oxygen levels, and decrease water quality. This study was conducted to determine the correlation between stocking density Glucose concentration and Cortisol levels in Cantang grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus x Epinephelus lanceolatus) reared in ponds as an indicator of stress. This research uses a survey method with the primary and secondary data sampling. Primary data obtained directly in the field were cantang grouper samples, cantang grouper blood glucose, cantang grouper cortisol, and water samples. Secondary data was obtained from several supporting sources such as the amount of feed given, length of maintenance, pond area, water inlet, and outlet distances. The regression analysis data will then be carried out with correlation analysis, to measure and determine the close relationship between several factors X and Y variables. The results of this study indicated that there is a correlation between stocking density and water quality on glucose and cortisol levels as an indicator of stress in grouper reared in cantang grouper culture ponds, Brondong District, Lamongan, East Java. This can be seen from the conversion value (R) of glucose regression of 0.729 which has a relationship of 72.9% between stocking density and water quality on glucose. While the results of the cortisol regression analysis obtained an R-value of 0.722, meaning that there was a 72.2% relationship between the variables of stocking density and water quality of cortisol.

Keywords: hybrid-grouper, density, response stress, water quality

MOLECULAR DETECTION OF T4- LIKE MYOVIRUSES IN MARINE SPONGES, XESTOSPONGIA SP. AND AAPTOS SP. FROM TERENGGANU ISLANDS, MALAYSIA

Logajothiswaran Ambalavanan¹, Nurul Anis Mohd Nasir ¹, Normala Yaslikan¹, Emylia Harriet Stevens¹,  Sandra Catherine Zainathan^1,2*,, Shumpei Iehata¹

¹Faculty of Fisheries and Food Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

²Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

^*Corresponding author: sandra@umt.edu.my

Sponges are important in nutrient cycles in coral reef systems. Viruses are ubiquitous biotic components of pelagic and benthic ecosystems and is important in the ecosystem by carrying out nutrient recycling. Cyanobacteria are the main source of oxygen supplies, nutrient cycling and provide coloration to the sponge. The T4-like phages is a complex group of the lytic phages and a significant member of the Myoviridae that are known to infect cyanobacteria. These symbiotic relationship of sponges-cyanobacteria can be disrupted by the presence or infection of cyanophages that can kill the cyanobacteria. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of T-4 like Myoviruses in marine sponges such as Xestospongia sp. and Aaptos sp. from Bidong Island and Karah Island, Terengganu, Malaysia. A total of 228 replicates including sponge (n=120), water (n = 60) and sponge mucus (n=48) were subjected to PCR assays. A total of 17 sponge samples (Aaptos sp. and Xestospongia sp.) and 38 replicates of water samples (1X DNA dilution and 10X DNA dilution) were positive for the presence of major capsid protein of T-4 like Myovirus and psbA viral encoded genes. Among the different methods, the psbA viral encoded genes primers’ showed the best results for the detection of Myoviruses in all of the samples. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the positive water samples belonged to Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus phages, Xestospongia sp. positive sample classified as Prochlorococcus phage and Aaptos sp. samples belonged to the Synechococcus phage and Myoviridae family. This is the first detection of T-4 like Myoviruses in both sponge species, Xestospongia sp., Aaptos sp. and seawater in Malaysia.

Keywords: T-4 like Myoviruses; Aaptos sp.; Xestospongia sp.; Prochlorococcus phage; Synechococcus phage; Malaysia

BACTERIAL COMMUNITY AND PREDICTED FUNCTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH MARINE SPONGES AAPTOS SUBERITOIDES AND XESTOSPONGIA TESTUDINARIA

Yuki Hayami¹, Logajothiswaran Ambalavanan ¹, Sandra C. Zainathan^1,2, Muhd Danish-Daniel², Noor E. Sharifah¹, Shumpei Iehata^1,*

¹Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, University Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

²Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

^*Corresponding author: shumpei@umt.edu.my

Marine sponge has been in spotlight in the various fields including marine ecology, pharmaceutics, and symbiotic microbiology. The symbiotic relationship between marine sponge and bacteria has been studied in the Caribbean and the Mediterranean Sea areas, whereas it is not studied well in Southeast Asia including Malaysia. Furthermore, seasonal variation of bacterial structure in marine sponge in Malaysia remains unclear. In this study, we performed 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to analyze the bacterial community in Aaptos suberitoides and Xestospongia testudinaria collected from Karah Island, Terengganu, Malaysia among three different season (pre-monsoon season, dry season, and post-monsoon season). In addition, potential microbial functions related to marine sponges and seawater microbial community were annotated using Functional Annotation of Prokaryotic Taxa (FAPROTAX). The PCoA plots showed that bacterial community diversity was distinct among each sponge species and seawater regardless of the season. Phylum Chloroflexi was predominated in both sponge species notwithstanding the different seasons, whereas Proteobacteria was predominant in seawater samples. Cyanobacteria tends to increase in post-monsoon season in both of A. suberitoides and X. testudinaria in contrast to seawater sample. Acidobacteriota was found higher abundance in dry season from both marine sponges compared to the other seasons. The abundance of phylum Spirochaetota and Bdellovibrionota was higher in A. suberitoides than X. testudinaria. FAPROTAX result predicted the function of predatory or exoparasitic was higher in A. suberitoides and their presence has higher tendency in pre-monsoon season. This work highlighted the seasonal characteristics of bacterial community and their predicted function associated with A. suberitoides and X. testudinaria in Malaysia for the first time. The bacterial communities in two marine sponges are comparatively stable in all season, although the relative abundance of some taxa and predicted functions varied among seasons.

Keywords: Marine sponge microbiome, Seasonal analysis, Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), Functional Annotation of Prokaryotic Taxa (FAPROTAX)